Bifunctional electrochemical biosensor based on PB-MXene films for the real-time analysis and detection of living cancer cells

Abstract

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are important prognostic markers for cancer diagnosis and metastasis, and their detection is an important means to detect cancer metastasis. Herein, we construct a novel bifunctional electrochemical biosensor based on the PB-MXene composite films. A simple electrostatic self-assembly approach was employed to prepare a film composed of PB nanocubes on the MXene substrates. Given that the PB is an artificial peroxidase for H₂O₂ sensing, the PB-MXene films can realize the real-time monitoring of H₂O₂ secretion from living CTCs. Besides, the anti-CEA attached biosensors can be utilized to quantify the corresponding CTCs. The synergic effects of the MXene with a large specific area and PB with enzyme-free catalysis for H₂O₂ resulted in PB-MXene films exhibiting high electrocatalytic and low cytotoxicity for both H₂O₂ sensing and living CTCs capturing. As a result, the biosensor shows a low detection limit of 0.57 μM towards H₂O₂ with a wide linear range (1 μM to 500 μM), as well as an excellent sensing performance for CTCs (an extremely low detection limit of 9 cells/mL in a wide linear range of 1.3 ×10¹ to 1.3 ×10⁶ cells/mL). Moreover, the prepared biosensor showed satisfactory stability and anti-interference ability for potential applications in clinical cancer diagnosis and tumor metastasis.

Keywords: Electrochemical biosensor; H(2)O(2); Living cancer cells; MXene; Prussian blue.