Comparison of the microalgae Phormidium tenue and Chlorella vulgaris as biosorbents of Cd and Zn from aqueous environments

Abstract

Heavy metals are accumulating into sediments and enriching in aquatic food chains. The efficiency of two microalgae, Phormidium tenue and Chlorella vulgaris, to remove zinc and cadmium from aqueous solutions was studied. The microalgae were incubated in different heavy metal concentrations for 18 days. Morphological and anatomical changes in microalgae were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Both algae removed both Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺in vitro. C. vulgaris removed Zn²⁺ almost totally (99%) and Cd²⁺ slightly less (87%). The concentration factors were 2210 and 1117, respectively. SEM and TEM figures showed some alterations in the form and cellular components of both algae. C. vulgaris appeared to be more tolerant to both Cd and Zn than P. tenue. C. vulgaris is a promising microalgal species used to remove heavy metals from aqueous environments.

Keywords: Bioaccumulation; Bioremoval; Heavy metals; Microalgae; Toxicity.