Effects of biochar additions on the mechanical stability of soil aggregates and their role in the dynamic renewal of aggregates in slope ecological restoration

Mei-Hua Sheng; Xiao-Yan Ai; Bo-Cong Huang; Meng-Ke Zhu; Zong-Yang Liu; Ying-Wei Ai

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165478

Effects of biochar additions on the mechanical stability of soil aggregates and their role in the dynamic renewal of aggregates in slope ecological restoration

Sci Total Environ. 2023 Nov 10:898:165478. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165478. Epub 2023 Jul 12.

Authors

Mei-Hua Sheng¹, Xiao-Yan Ai², Bo-Cong Huang¹, Meng-Ke Zhu¹, Zong-Yang Liu¹, Ying-Wei Ai³

Affiliations

¹ Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China.
² Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China. Electronic address: 1679210250@qq.com.
³ Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China. Electronic address: aiyw99@sohu.com.

PMID: 37451437
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165478

Abstract

Mechanical stability of soil aggregates is important for resisting external disturbances in slope soils. Biochar (BC) is widely used in slope remediation. However, biochar application may not be conducive to the formation of mechanical-stable soil aggregates, and the effects of biochar additions on the mechanical stability of soil aggregates in slope restoration remain largely unclear. In this context, an incubation experiment was conducted in this study with four biochar levels added to artificial soil, namely 0 % (BC0), 1.5 % (BC1), 3 % (BC2), and 4.5 % (BC3), corresponding approximately to 0, 0.77, 1.53 and 2.30 M ha^-1, respectively. The contributions of different soil aggregate fractions to maintaining the mechanical stability of aggregates, as well as the main influencing factors and pathways of biochar additions on soil aggregate stability in a dynamic renewal process of aggregates, were investigated in this study. The results showed a decreasing trend in the mean weight diameter (MWD) with increasing biochar levels and BC1 has no significant difference with BC0, showing MWD values of 2.74 and 2.75, respectively. In contrast, BC3 is significantly lower MWD value of 2.18. The BC3 exhibited negative impact on the mechanical stability of the aggregates. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that large macroaggregates (>5 mm) exhibited a stronger contribution on the aggregate mechanical stability between all soil aggregate fractions. The random forest (RF) algorithm and structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that microaggregate-associated soil organic carbon (SOC) contents and soil pH values were the main factors driving the changes in the aggregate mechanical stability caused by biochar applications. Indeed, the biochar level of 1.5 % maintained the stability of macroaggregates and increased the microaggregate-associated SOC content by 35.7 %, which was conducive to the formation of microaggregates within macroaggregates. Our study suggests that the application of biochar at a level of 1.5 % is more beneficial for maintaining the mechanical stability of artificial soil aggregates.

Keywords: Aggregate-associated SOC; Biochar levels; Dynamic renewal of aggregates; Mechanical stability of aggregates; Slope restoration.