Enhance the oral insulin delivery route using a modified chitosan-based formulation fabricated by microwave

Huda S AlSalem; Nisreen M Abdulsalam; Najla A Khateeb; Mona S Binkadem; Nahlah A Alhadhrami; Abdalla M Khedr; Rehab Abdelmonem; Kamel R Shoueir; Eman Hassan Nadwa

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125779

Enhance the oral insulin delivery route using a modified chitosan-based formulation fabricated by microwave

Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Aug 30:247:125779. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125779. Epub 2023 Jul 11.

Authors

Huda S AlSalem¹, Nisreen M Abdulsalam², Najla A Khateeb³, Mona S Binkadem⁴, Nahlah A Alhadhrami⁵, Abdalla M Khedr⁶, Rehab Abdelmonem⁷, Kamel R Shoueir⁸, Eman Hassan Nadwa⁹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: husalsalem@pnu.edu.sa.
² Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdul Aziz University, P.O. Box 42807, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia.
³ Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences-King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 2477. Mail Code 527, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: 04100507@uj.edu.sa.
⁵ Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: nhadhrami@taibahu.edu.sa.
⁶ Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt. Electronic address: abdallah.khader@science.tanta.edu.eg.
⁷ Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science & Technology, 6th October, Egypt.
⁸ Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt. Electronic address: kameltag@yahoo.com.
⁹ Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.

PMID: 37442506
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125779

Abstract

Chitosan (Cs) was subjected to ball milling and subsequently functionalized with Dinitro salicylic acid (Cs-DNS) to enhance the efficacy of oral insulin delivery. The hydrodynamic spherical particle sizes exhibited 33.29 ± 5.08 nm for modified Cs-DNS NPs. Irrespective of insulin entrapment, zeta potential measurements revealed positively charged Cs-DNS NPs (+ 35 ± 3.5 mV). The entrapment performance (EP%) was evaluated in vitro, and insulin release patterns at various pH levels. The EP% for Cs-DNS NPs was 99.3 ± 1.6. Cs- DNS NPs retained a considerable amount of insulin (92 %) in an acidic medium, and significant quantities were released at increasing pH values over time. In vivo investigations, the diabetic rats which taken insulin-incorporated NPs had lower serum glucose levels (SGL) after 3 h to (39.4 ± 0.6 %) for Cs- DNS NPs. For insulin-incorporated Cs- DNS NPs, the bioavailability (BA%) and pharmacological availability (PA%) were 17.5 ± 0.31 % and 8.6 ± 0.8 %, respectively. The assertion above highlights the significance and effectiveness of modified chitosan in promoting insulin delivery, decreasing SGL levels, and guaranteeing safety.

Keywords: Chitosan; Insulin; Modified Cs- DNS; Oral insulin delivery; Serum glucose levels.

MeSH terms

Administration, Oral
Animals
Chitosan* / therapeutic use
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental* / drug therapy
Drug Carriers / therapeutic use
Insulin
Microwaves
Nanoparticles*
Particle Size
Rats

Substances

Insulin
Chitosan
Drug Carriers