Enhancing onchocerciasis elimination program management: A biological approach to deciding when to begin Stop Mass Drug Administration activities

PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2023 Jul 13;17(7):e0011348. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011348. eCollection 2023 Jul.

Abstract

Understanding when it is the appropriate time to stop administering the drugs in a chemotherapy-centered treatment program such as onchocerciasis remains a challenge due to cost, imperfect testing procedures, and a lack of long-term experience. Different approaches for assessing when a program can begin the extensive stop-treatment surveys have been recommended, and tested, with varying results. We describe here a practical approach that is based on information on both transmission as well as infection. This new protocol first defines operational transmission zones (OTZs) based on vector breeding sites followed by an epidemiological assessment of the resident populations adjacent to these breeding sites. Basing decisions to stop MDA treatment based on breeding site locations (i.e., transmission zones) rather than on political administrative units, is a practical, cost-effective approach. Importantly, this biology-based approach is more closely related to the actual state of onchocerciasis transmission.

MeSH terms

  • Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
  • Health Facilities
  • Humans
  • Ivermectin / therapeutic use
  • Mass Drug Administration
  • Onchocerciasis* / drug therapy
  • Onchocerciasis* / epidemiology
  • Onchocerciasis* / prevention & control

Substances

  • Ivermectin

Grants and funding

The work that led to this manuscript was supported by funding from the RLMF Consortium of UAE and BMGF led by His Highness Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President of the UAE and Ruler of Abu Dhabi, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [Grant Number OPP1193778] (JT, DB, CM AH, SL). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. No author received salary directly from the funders.