Wide antral circumferential vs. ostial pulmonary vein isolation using pulsed field ablation-the butterfly effect

Roland R Tilz; Christian H Heeger; Julia Vogler; Charlotte Eitel; Marcel Feher; Huong-Lan Phan; Ilias Mushfiq; Sorin S Popescu; Leonie Zetzsch; Anna Traub; Sascha Hatahet; Kai Mortensen; Karl-Heinz Kuck; Bettina Kirstein

doi:10.3389/fcvm.2023.1217745

Wide antral circumferential vs. ostial pulmonary vein isolation using pulsed field ablation-the butterfly effect

Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023 Jun 26:10:1217745. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1217745. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Rhythmology, University Heart Center Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.
² German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, Lübeck, Germany.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Background: Wide antral circumferential ablation (WACA) in comparison to ostial pulmonary vein (PV) isolation (PVI) has been attributed with improved rhythm outcome. We investigated the feasibility, lesion formation, and rhythm outcome of WACA-PVI in comparison to ostial-PVI using pulsed field ablation (PFA).

Methods: Symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) patients (69 years, 67% male; 67% paroxysmal AF) were prospectively enrolled into our single-center registry and underwent first-time ostial-PFA or WACA-PFA, N = 15 each. In all patients, eight pulse trains (2 kV/2.5 s, bipolar, biphasic, 4× basket/flower configuration each) were delivered to each PV. In WACA-PFA, two extra pulse trains in a flower configuration were added to the anterior and posterior antrum of the PVs. For comparison of PFA lesion size, pre- and post-ablation left atrial (LA) voltage maps were acquired using a multipolar spiral catheter together with a three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping system.

Results: WACA-PFA resulted in a significant larger lesion formation than ostial-PFA (45.5 vs. 35.1 cm², p = 0.001) with bilateral overlapping butterfly shape-like lesions and concomitant posterior LA wall isolation in 73% of patients. This was not associated with increased procedure time, sedation dosage, or exposure to radiation. One-year freedom from AF recurrence was numerically higher after WACA-PFA than ostial-PFA (94% vs. 87%) but not statistically significant (p = 0.68). No organized atrial tachycardias (ATs) were observed. Ostial-PFA patients more often underwent re-ablation due to recurrent AF episodes.

Conclusion: WACA-PFA is feasible and resulted in significantly wider lesion sets than ostial-PFA. Concomitant posterior LA wall isolation occurred as an epiphenomenon in the majority of patients. The WACA approach was associated with neither increased procedure and fluoroscopy times nor statistically significant differences in 1-year rhythm outcome. ATs were absent.

Keywords: WACA; atrial fibrillation; catheter ablation; pulmonary vein ablation/isolation; pulsed field ablation.