A comprehensive appraisal of mechanism of anti-CRISPR proteins: an advanced genome editor to amend the CRISPR gene editing

Nisha Choudhary; Dipty Tandi; Rakesh Kumar Verma; Virendra Kumar Yadav; Naveen Dhingra; Tathagata Ghosh; Mahima Choudhary; Rajarshi K Gaur; Magda H Abdellatif; Amel Gacem; Lienda Bashier Eltayeb; Mohammed S Alqahtani; Krishna Kumar Yadav; Byong-Hun Jeon

doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1164461

A comprehensive appraisal of mechanism of anti-CRISPR proteins: an advanced genome editor to amend the CRISPR gene editing

Front Plant Sci. 2023 Jun 23:14:1164461. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1164461. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh, Rajasthan, India.
² Department of Agriculture, Medi-Caps University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
³ Department of Arts, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh, Rajasthan, India.
⁴ Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya (D.D.U.) Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
⁵ Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University 20 Août 1955, Skikda, Algeria.
⁷ Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin AbdulAziz University-Al-Kharj, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Research Center for Advanced Materials Sciences (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁰ Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, India.
¹¹ Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, Iraq.
¹² Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Abstract

The development of precise and controlled CRISPR-Cas tools has been made possible by the discovery of protein inhibitors of CRISPR-Cas systems, called anti-CRISPRs (Acrs). The Acr protein has the ability to control off-targeted mutations and impede Cas protein-editing operations. Acr can help with selective breeding, which could help plants and animals improve their valuable features. In this review, the Acr protein-based inhibitory mechanisms that have been adopted by several Acrs, such as (a) the interruption of CRISPR-Cas complex assembly, (b) interference with target DNA binding, (c) blocking of target DNA/RNA cleavage, and (d) enzymatic modification or degradation of signalling molecules, were discussed. In addition, this review emphasizes the applications of Acr proteins in the plant research.

Keywords: Acr inhibitors; CRISPR-Cas complex; DNA binding inhibition; DNA cleavage; anti-CRISPR; genetic memory; genome editing.

Publication types

Review

Grants and funding

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University (KKU) for funding this research through the Research Group Program Under the Grant Number:(R.G.P.2/382/44). This work was supported by the Mid-Career Researcher Program (grant no. 2020R1A2C3004237) through the National Research Foundation of the Republic of Korea. NC, RKV, DT and MC acknowledges Mody University of Science and Technology seed money project grant SM/2020-21/008.