Dentine surface modification and remineralization induced by bioactive toothpastes

Maria Giovanna Gandolfi; Paola Taddei; Fausto Zamparini; Livia Ottolenghi; Antonella Polimeni; Carlo Prati

doi:10.1111/idh.12710

Dentine surface modification and remineralization induced by bioactive toothpastes

Int J Dent Hyg. 2023 Jul 10. doi: 10.1111/idh.12710. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Maria Giovanna Gandolfi¹, Paola Taddei², Fausto Zamparini¹, Livia Ottolenghi³, Antonella Polimeni³, Carlo Prati⁴

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Green Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
² Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
³ Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
⁴ Endodontic Clinical Section, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

PMID: 37424392
DOI: 10.1111/idh.12710

Abstract

Objective: In this study, dentine surface was analysed through Environmental-scanning-electron-microscopy (ESEM) with energy-dispersive-X-ray-spectrometry (EDX) and Fourier-transform-infrared-spectroscopy (FTIR) with attenuated total-reflectance (ATR) to assess the morpho-chemical changes and variations in mineralization degree after demineralizing treatment, after five toothpastes application (HA & Citrate toothpaste, Zinc-HA toothpaste, Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate toothpaste, Arginine & Calcium carbonate toothpaste, Colgate-Triple-Action, and Control toothpaste), after soaking in artificial saliva and after citric acid attack.

Methods: Ca/P, Ca/N and P/N ratios were calculated from EDX atomic data to evaluate the mineralization degree of dentine surface. The IR calcium phosphate (CaP)/collagen and carbonate/collagen ratios has been evaluated to assess the remineralization changes in dentine; the carbonate/collagen IR ratio was calculated to identify the nucleation of B-type-carbonated apatite and calcium carbonate.

Results: ESEM-EDX and ATR-FTIR showed residuals of toothpastes after the treatments in all cases, with a general increase in the mineralization degree after soaking in artificial saliva and a decrease after acid attack. Treatment with Arginine & Calcium carbonate toothpaste showed the highest Ca/P value after treatment (Ca/P 1.62) and acid attack (Ca/P 1.5) in confirmation, IR showed the highest amount of carbonate after treatment and soaking in artificial saliva. Arginine and calcium carbonate toothpaste and HA and citrate toothpaste remained to a higher extent on the dentine surface and revealed a higher remineralization activity. These formulations showed higher resistance to demineralization attack, as demonstrated by a higher I_CaP /I_{Amide II} intensity ratio than those obtained after EDTA treatment.

Conclusions: Toothpastes that remained to a higher extent on dentine surface (arginine and calcium carbonate toothpaste in particular) were more able to promote remineralization. The formed calcium phosphate (CaPs) phase was intimately bound to dentine rather than a simple deposit.

Keywords: Arginine; Zinc nanohydroxyapatite; calcium sodium phosphosilicate; dentine; mineralization degree; sodium monofluorophosphate.