Vegetable Intake, but Not Fruit Intake Is Inversely Associated With Fasting Plasma Glucose in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Abstract

Background: The association between dietary intake and glycemic control has been extensively investigated in type 2 diabetes. However, little is known about this association in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs).

Methods: We performed an observational study involving 263 adult KTRs with a functioning allograft for at least 1 year at the outpatient clinic of the Hospital from November 2020 to March 2021. Dietary intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire. Linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between fruit and vegetable intake and fasting plasma glucose.

Results: The vegetable and fruit intake were 238.24 g/d (102.38-416.67) and 511.94 g/d (321.19-849.05), respectively. The fasting plasma glucose was 5.15 ± 0.95 mmol/L. The linear regressions revealed that vegetable intake, but not fruit intake was inversely associated with fasting plasma glucose in KTRs (adjusted R² = 0.203, P < .001). The clear dose-response relation was observed. Moreover, each 100 g increase in vegetable intake was associated with 11.6% reduction of fasting plasma glucose.

Conclusions: Vegetable intake, but not fruit intake, is inversely associated with fasting plasma glucose in KTRs.