Formation, behavior, properties and impact of micro- and nanoplastics on agricultural soil ecosystems (A Review)

Anton F Astner; Alexis B Gillmore; Yingxue Yu; Markus Flury; Jennifer M DeBruyn; Sean M Schaeffer; Douglas G Hayes

doi:10.1016/j.impact.2023.100474

Formation, behavior, properties and impact of micro- and nanoplastics on agricultural soil ecosystems (A Review)

NanoImpact. 2023 Jul:31:100474. doi: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100474. Epub 2023 Jul 5.

Authors

Anton F Astner¹, Alexis B Gillmore¹, Yingxue Yu², Markus Flury², Jennifer M DeBruyn¹, Sean M Schaeffer¹, Douglas G Hayes³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-4531, United States of America.
² Department of Crops and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, and Puyallup, WA 98371, United States of America.
³ Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-4531, United States of America. Electronic address: dhayes1@utk.edu.

PMID: 37419450
DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100474

Abstract

Micro and nanoplastics (MPs and NPs, respectively) in agricultural soil ecosystems represent a pervasive global environmental concern, posing risks to soil biota, hence soil health and food security. This review provides a comprehensive and current summary of the literature on sources and properties of MNPs in agricultural ecosystems, methodology for the isolation and characterization of MNPs recovered from soil, MNP surrogate materials that mimic the size and properties of soil-borne MNPs, and transport of MNPs through the soil matrix. Furthermore, this review elucidates the impacts and risks of agricultural MNPs on crops and soil microorganisms and fauna. A significant source of MPs in soil is plasticulture, involving the use of mulch films and other plastic-based implements to provide several agronomic benefits for specialty crop production, while other sources of MPs include irrigation water and fertilizer. Long-term studies are needed to address current knowledge gaps of formation, soil surface and subsurface transport, and environmental impacts of MNPs, including for MNPs derived from biodegradable mulch films, which, although ultimately undergoing complete mineralization, will reside in soil for several months. Because of the complexity and variability of agricultural soil ecosystems and the difficulty in recovering MNPs from soil, a deeper understanding is needed for the fundamental relationships between MPs, NPs, soil biota and microbiota, including ecotoxicological effects of MNPs on earthworms, soil-dwelling invertebrates, and beneficial soil microorganisms, and soil geochemical attributes. In addition, the geometry, size distribution, fundamental and chemical properties, and concentration of MNPs contained in soils are required to develop surrogate MNP reference materials that can be used across laboratories for conducting fundamental laboratory studies.

Keywords: Agricultural ecosystems; Ecotoxicity to crops and soil fauna; Microplastics; Nanoplastics; Plastic pollution; Plasticulture; Polybutylene adipate terephthalate; Polyethylene; Soil health.