Proprioceptors are non-nociceptive low-threshold mechanoreceptors. However, recent studies have shown that proprioceptors are acid-sensitive and express a variety of proton-sensing ion channels and receptors. Accordingly, although proprioceptors are commonly known as mechanosensing neurons that monitor muscle contraction status and body position, they may have a role in the development of pain associated with tissue acidosis. In clinical practice, proprioception training is beneficial for pain relief. Here we summarize the current evidence to sketch a different role of proprioceptors in 'non-nociceptive pain' with a focus on their acid-sensing properties.
Keywords: chronic musculoskeletal pain; glutamate; lactate; muscle spindle; proprioceptors; substance P; tissue acidosis.
© 2023 The Authors. Experimental Physiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Physiological Society.