Objective: To examine first attempt success and overall success of real-time ultrasound guided peripheral arterial cannulation in infants.
Study design: Retrospective review of 477 ultrasound guided peripheral arterial cannulations in infants less than 1 year of age. Procedural and patient characteristics were evaluated to better understand factors related to procedural success.
Results: Ultrasound guided peripheral arterial cannulation had a first attempt success rate of 65% and an overall success rate of 86%. Success rates significantly differed by arterial location (p < 0.001). First attempt success and overall success were highest in the radial artery (72%, 91%) and lowest in the posterior tibial artery (44%, 71%). Success was more likely with greater age and greater weight (p = 0.006, p = 0.002).
Conclusion: Success rates are high when using a real-time ultrasound-guided technique for peripheral arterial cannulation in infants. An infant's weight and selected artery are strong predictors of success when performing peripheral arterial cannulation. The use of procedural ultrasound may reduce unnecessary attempts and minimize procedure-related harm.
Keywords: NICU; Neonatal; arterial; cannulation; infant; intensive care; neonate; ultrasonography; ultrasound.