Aims: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 is a viral infection that was first discovered in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, in December 2019. Effects of COVID-19 infection could drastically influence other concomitant diseases like Malaria. Malaria and COVID-19 may mimic each other and share look-alike symptoms. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the clinical and biochemical characteristics of malaria and COVID-19 synergism that was based on the published case reports.
Subjects and methods: An extensive literature search was carried out between May 2020 and February 2022 in PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE. Our study was devised according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.
Results: We have evaluated 16 case reports and one case series of coinfection of malaria with COVID-19. It has been observed that all the patients showed lymphopenia, fever, headache (52%), vomiting (47%), cough (38%), chills (38%), body ache (38%), myalgia (28%), and sweating (14%). Despite unprecedented times, whenever there is a suspicion, we recommend that medical practitioners should be alert to presenting plethora features of COVID-19 and confirm with polymerase chain reaction test.
Conclusion: We conclude that screening for COVID-19 should also be performed to mitigate missed diagnoses due to the long incubation period of novel coronavirus. Especially in vulnerable population, we should suspect other concurrent diseases and diagnoses in patients presenting with the symptoms of COVID-19 infection.
Keywords: COVID-19; Coinfection; cytokine storm; malaria; plasmodium.
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