The RU_SATED as a measure of sleep health: cross-cultural adaptation and validation in Chinese healthcare students

Runtang Meng; Lu Dong; Joseph M Dzierzewski; Stefanos Mastrotheodoros; Menglu Cao; Bilin Yu; Jue Wang; Boxiong Gong; Jingjing Li; Karen Spruyt

doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01203-5

The RU_SATED as a measure of sleep health: cross-cultural adaptation and validation in Chinese healthcare students

BMC Psychol. 2023 Jul 5;11(1):200. doi: 10.1186/s40359-023-01203-5.

Authors

Runtang Meng^{1

2}, Lu Dong³, Joseph M Dzierzewski^{4

5}, Stefanos Mastrotheodoros^{6

7}, Menglu Cao^{8

9}, Bilin Yu¹⁰, Jue Wang¹¹, Boxiong Gong¹², Jingjing Li¹³, Karen Spruyt¹⁴

Affiliations

¹ School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China. mengruntang@hznu.edu.cn.
² Engineering Research Center of Mobile Health Management System, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. mengruntang@hznu.edu.cn.
³ Department of Behavioral and Policy Sciences, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
⁴ Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
⁵ The National Sleep Foundation, Washington, DC, USA.
⁶ Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece.
⁷ Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
⁸ Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
⁹ Student's Mental Health Center, Sichuan Technology and Business University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
¹⁰ School of International Journalism and Communication, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing, China.
¹¹ School of Basic Medical, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
¹² Department of Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.
¹³ Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
¹⁴ Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, INSERM, Paris, France.

Abstract

Background: The RU_SATED scale is a multidimensional instrument measuring sleep health, consisting of Regularity, Satisfaction, Alertness, Timing, Efficiency, Duration dimensions. We adapted and validated the Chinese RU_SATED (RU_SATED-C) scale.

Methods: The RU_SATED-C scale was developed through a formal linguistic validation process and was validated in an observational longitudinal survey design. Healthcare students completed the RU_SATED scale, Sleep Quality Questionnaire, and Patient Health Questionnaire-4 among two sites of Hangzhou and Ningbo, China. Psychometric assessments included structural validity, longitudinal measurement invariance, convergent and divergent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability.

Results: A total of 911 healthcare students completed the RU_SATED-C scale at baseline (Time 1, T1) and follow-up (Time 2, T2) with an average time interval of 7 days + 5.37 h. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed a single-factor model and resulted in an acceptable model fit. The two-factor model previously found in the Japanese version fit better than the one-factor model, whereas the one-factor model fit had a better fit than the two-factor model found in the English version. Longitudinal CFA resulted in negligible changes in fit indices for four forms of increasingly restrictive models and supported that a single-factor model was equivalent over time. The data also endorsed longitudinal measurement invariance among the two-factor models found in the English and Japanese samples. The RU_SATED-C scale total score displayed a moderately strong negative correlation with sleep quality; however, negligible associations were observed with anxiety and depression. Ordinal Cronbach's alpha and Ordinal McDonald's omega at T1 and T2 ranged from suboptimal to acceptable. The RU_SATED-C scale and all items were significantly correlated across time intervals.

Conclusion: The RU_SATED-C scale is an easy-to-use instrument with potentially valid data for the measurement of multidimensional sleep health. Use of the RU_SATED-C scale can help raise awareness of sleep health and could pave the way for important efforts to promote healthy sleep.

Keywords: Cross-cultural adaptation; Longitudinal; Psychometrics; RU_SATED; Sleep health; Validation.

Publication types

Observational Study
Validation Study

MeSH terms

Cross-Cultural Comparison*
Delivery of Health Care
East Asian People
Humans
Psychometrics / methods
Reproducibility of Results
Sleep*
Students
Surveys and Questionnaires*

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding