Excess diabetes-related deaths: The role of comorbidities through different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic

Ugo Fedeli; Claudio Barbiellini Amidei; Veronica Casotto; Elena Schievano; Giacomo Zoppini

doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2023.05.028

Excess diabetes-related deaths: The role of comorbidities through different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic

Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2023 Sep;33(9):1709-1715. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.05.028. Epub 2023 May 30.

Authors

Ugo Fedeli¹, Claudio Barbiellini Amidei¹, Veronica Casotto¹, Elena Schievano¹, Giacomo Zoppini²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Epidemiology, Azienda Zero, Veneto Region, Padua, Italy.
² Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy. Electronic address: giacomo.zoppini@univr.it.

Abstract

Background and aims: Diabetes confers an excess risk of death to COVID-19 patients. Causes of death are now available for different phases of the pandemic, encompassing different viral variants and COVID-19 vaccination. The aims of the present study were to update multiple causes of death data on diabetes-related mortality during the pandemic and to estimate the impact of common diabetic comorbidities on excess mortality.

Methods and results: Diabetes-related deaths in 2020-2021 were compared with the 2018-2019 average; furthermore, age-standardized rates observed during the pandemic were compared with expected figures obtained from the 2008-2019 time series through generalized estimating equation models. Changes in diabetes mortality associated with specific comorbidities were also computed. Excess diabetes-related mortality was +26% in 2020 and +18% in 2021, after the initiation of the vaccination campaign. The presence of diabetes and hypertensive diseases was associated with the highest mortality increase, especially in subjects aged 40-79 years, +41% in 2020 and +30% in 2021.

Conclusion: The increase in diabetes-related deaths exceeded that observed for all-cause mortality, and the risk was higher when diabetes was associated with hypertensive diseases. Notably, the excess mortality decreased in 2021, after the implementation of vaccination against COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19; Comorbidities; Diabetes; Mortality; Trend.

Copyright © 2023 The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.