First report of porcine respirovirus 1 in Brazil

Michele Lunardi; Gabriela M Darold; Roger R S Francescon; Amauri A Alfieri

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106222

First report of porcine respirovirus 1 in Brazil

Microb Pathog. 2023 Sep:182:106222. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106222. Epub 2023 Jul 3.

Authors

Michele Lunardi¹, Gabriela M Darold², Roger R S Francescon³, Amauri A Alfieri⁴

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Parana, CEP 86057-970, Brazil; Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Parana, CEP 86057-970, Brazil. Electronic address: michelelunardi@gmail.com.
² Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Universidade de Cuiaba, 3300 Historiador Rubens de Mendonça Avenue, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, CEP 78050-000, Brazil. Electronic address: gabrieladarold@gmail.com.
³ Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Universidade de Cuiaba, 3300 Historiador Rubens de Mendonça Avenue, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, CEP 78050-000, Brazil. Electronic address: roger_francescon@hotmail.com.
⁴ Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Parana, CEP 86057-970, Brazil; Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Parana, CEP 86057-970, Brazil. Electronic address: alfieri@uel.br.

PMID: 37406836
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106222

Abstract

Porcine respirovirus 1 (PRV1), currently referred to as Respirovirus suis, was first described in deceased pigs at a Hong Kong slaughterhouse. Since then, PRV1 strains have been detected in pig herds in American, European, and Asian countries. Considering that Brazil is the fourth-largest global producer and exporter of pork, we aimed to detect the PRV1 RNA in biological samples collected from intensive pig farming in the midwestern region of Brazil. Oropharyngeal and rectal swabs were collected from pigs of different ages at an intensive commercial pig operation. These samples were tested using reverse transcription semi-nested polymerase chain reaction. In this study, the frequency of identification of PRV1 RNA in feces was found to be 2% (1/50), whereas the detection rate of PRV1 in the respiratory mucosa was approximately 1% (1/90). Therefore, a low rate of PRV1 detection was observed only in weaned pigs aged 33-50 days. Sequence analyses revealed that the two Brazilian PRV1 strains were closely related to previously reported strains mainly from Asian countries such as Vietnam, China, and South Korea. These strains clustered with PRV1 sequences classified into the European lineage 1. This is the first report of PRV1 in a commercial pig herd in Brazil. To accurately determine the frequency of detection of PRV1 among pigs in intensive commercial pig farms in Brazil, additional prospective and retrospective studies should be conducted. These studies should aim to detect PRV1 in pig herds with diverse respiratory disease statuses.

Keywords: Oropharyngeal swab; Paramyxoviruses; Porcine parainfluenza virus 1; Porcine respiratory disease; Respirovirus suis; Swine.