Aim: To review the state of the art aspects and contemporary innovative drug delivery strategies, for the treatment of vitreoretinal diseases, their mechanism of action through ocular routes and their future perspectives. Materials & methods: Scientific databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google scholar were used to obtain 156 papers for review. The keywords searched were vitreoretinal diseases; ocular barriers; intravitreal injections; nanotechnology; biopharmaceuticals. Results & conclusion: The review explored the various routes which can be used to facilitate drug delivery adopting novel strategies, the pharmacokinetic aspects of novel drug-delivery strategies in treating posterior segment eye diseases and current research. Therefore, this review drives focus into the same and underlines their implications to the healthcare sector in making necessary interventions.
Keywords: biopharmaceuticals; intravitreal injections; nanotechnology; ocular barriers; vitreoretinal diseases.
Eye diseases that affect the major part of the eye can create eyesight loss in patients. Even though medicines are now available, there is a need to drive the existing techniques further. These can be done by the use of small sized particles in the treatment, which are easy to reach the site wherever healing is required. Natural medicines and treatment can also benefit people. In this paper, we discuss treatment approaches on these factors and their importance in curing people with eye diseases.