Respiratory diseases, some of the most common human diseases, have become a prominent public health and medical problem. Feasible treatment and prevention strategies are still required to prepare for respiratory emergencies. Nanotechnology has provided new technological conceptions in respiratory disease-related applications and inspired the exploration of various multifunctional nanomaterials. Among them, "nanozymes" with enzyme-like activities and nanomaterials' physicochemical properties may propel the development in this field. Over the past few decades, nanozymes have distinguished themselves in the fields of biosensing, biomedicine, imaging, and environmental protection due to their outstanding enzymatic properties, reactive oxygen species-regulating mechanism, high stability, modifiability, mass production, and others. Herein, this article reviews the research progress of nanozymes in diagnosing, treating, and preventing respiratory diseases, hoping to bring new ideas for promoting nanozymes and their beneficial applications in respiratory diseases.