Durability of immune response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with chronic liver disease

Ruixin Song; Chao Yang; Qianqian Li; Jiayin Wang; Jing Chen; Kai Sun; Hongmin Lv; Yankai Yang; Jing Liang; Qing Ye; YanYing Gao; Jun Li; Ying Li; Junqing Yan; Ying Liu; Tao Wang; Changen Liu; Ping Zhu; Fei Wang; Weili Yin; Huiling Xiang

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200198

Durability of immune response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with chronic liver disease

Front Immunol. 2023 Jun 15:14:1200198. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200198. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Ruixin Song¹, Chao Yang², Qianqian Li², Jiayin Wang¹, Jing Chen¹, Kai Sun³, Hongmin Lv², Yankai Yang², Jing Liang², Qing Ye², YanYing Gao², Jun Li², Ying Li², Junqing Yan², Ying Liu², Tao Wang², Changen Liu², Ping Zhu², Fei Wang², Weili Yin², Huiling Xiang²

Affiliations

¹ The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China.
² Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China.
³ Emergency Department, Tianjin Hongqiao Hospital, Tianjin, China.

Abstract

Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the durability of immune response after basic and booster immunization with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD).

Methods: Patients with CLD and complete basic or booster immunization with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were included in this study. Based on the vaccination situation, they were divided into the basic immunity group (Basic) and the booster immunity group (Booster), which were then subdivided into four groups according to the time interval from completion of basic immunization or booster immunization to serological specimen collection. The positive rates and antibody titers of novel coronavirus neutralizing antibody (nCoV NTAb) and novel coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain antibody (nCoV S-RBD) were analyzed.

Results: A total of 313 patients with CLD were enrolled in this study, including 201 in Basic and 112 in Booster. The positive rates of nCoV NTAb and nCoV S-RBD within 30 days of completing basic immunization were 80.4% and 84.8%, respectively, but decreased rapidly with the extension of vaccination time, and only 29% and 48.4% of patients with CLD remained positive for nCoV NTAb and nCoV S-RBD, respectively, after 120 days of completing basic immunization. Within 30 days of booster immunization, the positive rates of nCoV NTAb and nCoV S-RBD in patients with CLD rapidly increased from 29.0% and 48.4% at the end of basic immunization to 95.2% and 90.5%, and maintained a high level (defined as the positive rate >50%) until 120 days when the positive rates of nCoV NTAb and nCoV S-RBD were still high at 79.5% and 87.2%, respectively. After basic immunization, the time for nCoV NTAb and nCoV S-RBD to turn negative was 120 and 169 days, respectively, and the negative time of nCoV NTAb and nCoV S-RBD was significantly prolonged to 266 days and 329 days, respectively.

Conclusion: It is safe and effective for patients with CLD to complete basic and booster immunization with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. After booster immunization, the immune response of patients with CLD was further improved and the durability of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody was significantly prolonged.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; chronic liver disease; durability; immune response; vaccination.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Antibodies, Neutralizing
Antibodies, Viral
COVID-19 Vaccines
COVID-19* / prevention & control
Humans
Immunity
Liver Diseases*
SARS-CoV-2
Vaccination

Substances

COVID-19 Vaccines
Antibodies, Neutralizing
Antibodies, Viral

Grants and funding

1. Sponsored by Tianjin Health Research Project. (No: TJWJ2022XK029). 2.Funded by Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty) Construction Project. (No: TJYXZDXK-034A)