Knowledge, attitude, and perception regarding COVID-19-related prevention practice among residents in Vietnam: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Vietnam was one of the countries pursuing the goal of "Zero-COVID" and had effectively achieved it in the first three waves of the pandemic. However, the spread of the Delta variant was outbreak first in Vietnam in late April 2021, in which Ho Chi Minh City was the worst affected. This study surveyed the public's knowledge, attitude, perception, and practice (KAPP) toward COVID-19 during the rapid rise course of the outbreak in Ho Chi Minh City.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted from 30th September to 16th November 2021, involving 963 residents across the city. We asked residents a series of 21 questions. The response rate was 76.6%. We set a priori level of significance at α = 0.05 for all statistical tests.

Results: The residents' KAPP scores were 68.67% ± 17.16, 77.33% ± 18.71, 74.7% ± 26.25, and 72.31% ± 31, respectively. KAPP scores of the medical staff were higher than the non-medical group. Our study showed positive, medium-strong Pearson correlations between knowledge and practice (r = 0.337), attitude and practice (r = 0.405), and perception and practice (r = 0.671; p < 0.05). We found 16 rules to estimate the conditional probabilities among KAPP scores via the association rule mining method. Mainly, 94% confident probability of participants had {Knowledge=Good, Attitude=Good, Perception=Good}, as well as {Practice=Good} (in rule 9 with support of 17.6%). In opposition to around 86% to 90% of the times, participants had levels of {Perception=Fair, Practice=Poor} given with either {Attitude=Fair} or {Knowledge=Fair} (according to rules 1, 2, and rules 15, 16 with a support of 7-8%).

Conclusion: In addition to the government's directives and policies, citizens' knowledge, attitude, perception, and practice are considered one of the critical preventive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results affirmed the good internal relationship among K, A, P, and P scores creating a hierarchy of healthcare educational goals and health behavior among residents.

Keywords: COVID-19; Vietnam; attitude; knowledge; perception; practice.