Ligand Engineering in Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Peizhou Li; Xiangrong Cao; Jingrui Li; Bo Jiao; Xun Hou; Feng Hao; Zhijun Ning; Zuqiang Bian; Jun Xi; Liming Ding; Zhaoxin Wu; Hua Dong

doi:10.1007/s40820-023-01143-0

Ligand Engineering in Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Nanomicro Lett. 2023 Jul 3;15(1):167. doi: 10.1007/s40820-023-01143-0.

Authors

Peizhou Li^#¹, Xiangrong Cao^#¹, Jingrui Li¹, Bo Jiao¹, Xun Hou¹, Feng Hao², Zhijun Ning³, Zuqiang Bian⁴, Jun Xi⁵, Liming Ding⁶, Zhaoxin Wu^{7

8}, Hua Dong^{9

10}

Affiliations

¹ Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices (MoE), Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China.
² School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China.
³ School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China.
⁴ Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
⁵ Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices (MoE), Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China. Jun.Xi@xjtu.edu.cn.
⁶ Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China. ding@nanoctr.cn.
⁷ Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices (MoE), Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China. zhaoxinwu@xjtu.edu.cn.
⁸ Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China. zhaoxinwu@xjtu.edu.cn.
⁹ Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices (MoE), Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China. donghuaxjtu@xjtu.edu.cn.
¹⁰ Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China. donghuaxjtu@xjtu.edu.cn.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted aggressive attention in the photovoltaic field in light of the rapid increasing power conversion efficiency. However, their large-scale application and commercialization are limited by the toxicity issue of lead (Pb). Among all the lead-free perovskites, tin (Sn)-based perovskites have shown potential due to their low toxicity, ideal bandgap structure, high carrier mobility, and long hot carrier lifetime. Great progress of Sn-based PSCs has been realized in recent years, and the certified efficiency has now reached over 14%. Nevertheless, this record still falls far behind the theoretical calculations. This is likely due to the uncontrolled nucleation states and pronounced Sn (IV) vacancies. With insights into the methodologies resolving both issues, ligand engineering-assisted perovskite film fabrication dictates the state-of-the-art Sn-based PSCs. Herein, we summarize the role of ligand engineering during each state of film fabrication, ranging from the starting precursors to the ending fabricated bulks. The incorporation of ligands to suppress Sn²⁺ oxidation, passivate bulk defects, optimize crystal orientation, and improve stability is discussed, respectively. Finally, the remained challenges and perspectives toward advancing the performance of Sn-based PSCs are presented. We expect this review can draw a clear roadmap to facilitate Sn-based PSCs via ligand engineering.

Keywords: Defects; Lead-free; Ligand engineering; Perovskite; Solar cells; Stability.

Publication types

Review