Spotlight on contributory role of host immunogenetic profiling in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Susceptibility, severity, mortality, and vaccine effectiveness

Somayeh Yazdanparast; Mehdi Bakhtiyaridovvombaygi; Fatemeh Mikanik; Reza Ahmadi; Mohammad Ghorbani; Mohammad Reza Mansoorian; Mozhgan Mansoorian; Hamid Chegni; Jalil Moshari; Ahmad Gharehbaghian

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121907

Spotlight on contributory role of host immunogenetic profiling in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Susceptibility, severity, mortality, and vaccine effectiveness

Life Sci. 2023 Sep 1:328:121907. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121907. Epub 2023 Jun 30.

Affiliations

¹ Student Research Committee, Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
² Student Research Committee, Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: Fatemehmikanik@sbmu.ac.ir.
³ Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
⁴ Laboratory Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran. Electronic address: m.ghorbani@sbmu.ac.ir.
⁵ Nursing Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
⁶ Department of Immunology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁷ School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran.
⁸ Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: gharehbaghian@sbmu.ac.ir.

PMID: 37394094
DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121907

Abstract

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread continuously worldwide, characterized by various clinical symptoms. The immune system responds to SARS-CoV-2 infection by producing Abs and secreting cytokines. Recently, numerous studies have highlighted that immunogenetic factors perform a putative role in COVID-19 pathogenesis and implicate vaccination effectiveness.

Aim: This review summarizes the relevant articles and evaluates the significance of mutation and polymorphism in immune-related genes regarding susceptibility, severity, mortality, and vaccination effectiveness of COVID-19. Furthermore, the correlation between host immunogenetic and SARS-CoV-2 reinfection is discussed.

Method: A comprehensive search was conducted to identify relevant articles using five databases until January 2023, which resulted in 105 total articles.

Key findings: Taken to gather this review summarized that: (a) there is a plausible correlation between immune-related genes and COVID-19 outcomes, (b) the HLAs, cytokines, chemokines, and other immune-related genes expression profiles can be a prognostic factor in COVID-19-infected patients, and (c) polymorphisms in immune-related genes have been associated with the effectiveness of vaccination.

Significance: Regarding the importance of mutation and polymorphisms in immune-related genes in COVID-19 outcomes, modulating candidate genes is expected to help clinical decisions, patient outcomes management, and innovative therapeutic approach development. In addition, the manipulation of host immunogenetics is hypothesized to induce more robust cellular and humoral immune responses, effectively increase the efficacy of vaccines, and subsequently reduce the incidence rates of reinfection-associated COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19 susceptibility and outcome; Host immunogenetic diversity; Immunopathology; Reinfection; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccine.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

COVID-19* / genetics
Cytokines / genetics
Humans
Immunogenetics
Reinfection
SARS-CoV-2
Vaccine Efficacy

Substances

Cytokines