Impact of air pollution on the health of the older adults during physical activity and sedentary behavior: A systematic review

Anderson D'Oliveira; Fábio Hech Dominski; Loiane Cristina De Souza; Joaquim Henrique Lorenzetti Branco; Darlan Lauricio Matte; Whyllerton Mayron da Cruz; Alexandro Andrade

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.116519

Impact of air pollution on the health of the older adults during physical activity and sedentary behavior: A systematic review

Environ Res. 2023 Oct 1:234:116519. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116519. Epub 2023 Jun 29.

Authors

Anderson D'Oliveira¹, Fábio Hech Dominski², Loiane Cristina De Souza³, Joaquim Henrique Lorenzetti Branco⁴, Darlan Lauricio Matte⁵, Whyllerton Mayron da Cruz⁶, Alexandro Andrade⁷

Affiliations

¹ Health and Sports Science Center, Department of Physical Education, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, 88035-901, Brazil. Electronic address: andersondoliveira3@gmail.com.
² Health and Sports Science Center, Department of Physical Education, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, 88035-901, Brazil. Electronic address: fabiohdominski@hotmail.com.
³ Health and Sports Science Center, Department of Physical Education, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, 88035-901, Brazil. Electronic address: loiane_cristina96@hotmail.com.
⁴ Health and Sports Science Center, Department of Physical Education, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, 88035-901, Brazil. Electronic address: joaquim.h.branco@hotmail.com.
⁵ Physical Therapy Graduate Program, Santa Catarina State University, 88080-350, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: darlan.matte@udesc.br.
⁶ Health and Sports Science Center, Department of Physical Education, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, 88035-901, Brazil. Electronic address: whmcruz@gmail.com.
⁷ Health and Sports Science Center, Department of Physical Education, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, 88035-901, Brazil. Electronic address: alexandro.andrade.phd@gmail.com.

PMID: 37392827
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116519

Abstract

Background: Air pollution, in addition to presenting health risks, can impact the practice of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in older adults. This study analyzed the impact of air pollution on the health of older adults during PA and SB, through a systematic review.

Methods: A keyword and reference search was performed in PubMed, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. Predetermined selection criteria included study designs: interventions or experiments, retrospective or prospective cohort studies, cross-sectional studies and case-control studies; population: older adults aged 60 years or older; exposures: specific air pollutants (particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), black carbon (CN), ultrafine particles (PU), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and biomass fuels) indoors and outdoors; and outcomes: physical activity and/or sedentary behavior.

Results: The beneficial effects of PA were attenuated or harmed in 11 studies, showing negative impacts on the health of the older adults, mainly by PM_2.5 pollutants. On the other hand, in 10 studies the effects of PA were greater than the negative effects of air pollutants, with a greater frequency in relation to PM_2.5. In general, even the articles presenting controversial results suggest that practicing PA in polluted environments is more favorable to the health of older adults than remaining in SB.

Discussion and conclusions: On the one hand, air pollution negatively impacted the health of the older adults during PA practices, while on the other hand, PA can mitigate the negative effects of pollutants on the health of older adults during the practices. Evidence shows that practicing PA in environments with low concentrations of pollutants can provide gains and reduce health risks. Remaining in SB in environments with high levels of air pollution worsens the health of older adults.

Keywords: Aged; Air pollutants; Exercise; Health; Healthy behavior.

Publication types

Systematic Review
Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Aged
Air Pollutants* / analysis
Air Pollution* / analysis
Cross-Sectional Studies
Environmental Exposure / analysis
Exercise
Humans
Nitrogen Dioxide / analysis
Ozone*
Particulate Matter / analysis
Prospective Studies
Retrospective Studies
Sedentary Behavior
Sulfur Dioxide / analysis

Substances

Air Pollutants
Particulate Matter
Ozone
Sulfur Dioxide
Nitrogen Dioxide