Plasma exosomal hsa_circ_0079439 as a novel biomarker for early detection of gastric cancer

Abstract

Background: Due to the poor prognosis of gastric cancer (GC), early detection methods are urgently needed. Plasma exosomal circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been suggested as novel biomarkers for GC.

Aim: To identify a novel biomarker for early detection of GC.

Methods: Healthy donors (HDs) and GC patients diagnosed by pathology were recruited. Nine GC patients and three HDs were selected for exosomal whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing. The expression profiles of circRNAs were analyzed by bioinformatics methods and validated by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels and area under receiver operating characteristic curve values of plasma exosomal circRNAs and standard serum biomarkers were used to compare their diagnostic efficiency.

Results: There were 303 participants, including 240 GC patients and 63 HDs, involved in the study. The expression levels of exosomal hsa_circ_0079439 were significantly higher in GC patients than in HDs (P < 0.0001). However, the levels of standard serum biomarkers were similar between the two groups. The area under the curve value of exosomal hsa_circ_0079439 was higher than those of standard biomarkers, including carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen (CA)19-9, CA72-4, alpha-fetoprotein, and CA125 (0.8595 vs 0.5862, 0.5660, 0.5360, 0.5082, and 0.5018, respectively). The expression levels of exosomal hsa_circ_0079439 were significantly decreased after treatment (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression levels of exosomal hsa_circ_0079439 were obviously higher in early GC (EGC) patients than in HDs (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion: Our results suggest that plasma exosomal hsa_circ_0079439 is upregulated in GC patients. Moreover, the levels of exosomal hsa_circ_0079439 could distinguish EGC and advanced GC patients from HDs. Therefore, plasma exosomal hsa_circ_0079439 might be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of GC during both the early and late stages.

Keywords: Biomarker; Circular RNA; Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction; Exosomes; Gastric cancer.