Treatment mechanism of immune triad from the repurposing drug against COVID-19

Jong Hoon Lee

doi:10.1016/j.tma.2023.06.005

Treatment mechanism of immune triad from the repurposing drug against COVID-19

Transl Med Aging. 2023:7:33-45. doi: 10.1016/j.tma.2023.06.005. Epub 2023 Jun 24.

Author

Jong Hoon Lee^{1

2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Science and Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
² Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Seobuk Hospital, 49 Galhyeon-ro 7-gil, Yeokchon-dong Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul, 03433, Republic of Korea.
³ Geoje Public Health Center, Suyang-ro 506 (Yangjeong-dong ), Geoje city, Gyeongsangnam-do, 53236, Republic of Korea.

Abstract

COVID-19 is an immune-mediated disease whose pathophysiology uses SAMHD1 tetramerization and cGAS-STING signaling, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) cascade, spike protein- inflammasome activation, and neuropilin 1 (NRP1) signaling. Variants of concern, such as SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7, BA.2.75.2, and other mutants, have emerged. The longitudinal memory T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 persists for eight months after symptom onset. Therefore, we must achieve viral clearance to coordinate immune cell reactions. Aspirin, dapsone, and dexamethasone as anticatalysis medicines have been used to treat COVID-19. They are shown to work harmoniously with modulating ILCs. Therefore, it needs to prescribe this immune triad to alleviate the clinical pathologic course and block exacerbation mechanisms due to diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Keywords: ACE2; Aspirin; Dapsone; Dexamethasone; Immunologic engram; Inflammasome; SAMHD1; SARS-CoV-2 spike protein; TLR4; cGAS–STING.

Publication types

Review