Objective: To examine the construct validity of cultural intelligence (CI) and evaluate faculty self-efficacy in developing cultural intelligence in Doctor of Pharmacy students.
Methods: A survey was developed based on a CI framework for pharmacy education consisting of four domains. Survey items were measured on a scale from 1-cannot do at all to 10-highly certain can do. Survey responses from faculty in the Doctor of Pharmacy program who completed ≥90% of the survey items were included. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted using principal components analysis with a varimax rotation and the Kaiser rule. Internal consistency reliability of each cultural intelligence construct was examined using Cronbach's alpha (α).
Results: Fifty-four Doctor of Pharmacy faculty members (83% response rate) completed the survey. The exploratory factor analysis revealed three CI constructs: (1) cultural awareness (α = 0.93), (2) cultural practice (α = 0.96), and (3) cultural desire (α = 0.89). Participants rated their CI teaching self-efficacy highest for cultural awareness (6.13 (1.93)), and lowest for cultural desire (3.90 (2.87)).
Conclusion: Faculty play a critical role in the development of students; understanding CI teaching self-efficacy can inform faculty development strategies and curriculum improvements. Additional research is needed to identify related evidence-based methods for faculty development strategies utilizing the identified patterns and constructs.
Keywords: Cultural Competence; Cultural Intelligence; Pharmacy Education; Self-Efficacy; Survey.
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