[Neuromuscular weakness in the critically post COVID-19 patient: functional recovery results in two third-level centers]

Medicina (B Aires). 2023;83(3):420-427.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Introduction: The effectiveness of physical rehabilitation therapies on patients who required prolonged mechanical ventilation and were discharged from the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with post-COVID-19 neuromuscular weakness is known in the acute period. The objective of this study was to characterize the functional recovery in people hospitalized with post-ICU neuromuscular weakness due to COVID-19 admitted to rehab.

Methods: Retrospective study which included 42 patients with post-COVID-19 neuromuscular weakness, who were admitted to two tertiary care rehabilitation centers, from April 2020 to April 2022.

Results: We found statistically significant differences between the functional evaluations of admission and discharge. The Functional Independence Measure improved from 49 [41-57] a 107 [94-119] (p < 0.001). The Berg scale from 4 [1-6] a 47 [36-54] (p < 0.001), the 6-minute test from 0 [0-0] a 254 [167-400] (p < 0.001), and the 10-meter test from 0 [0-0] a 0.83 [0.4-1.2] (p < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between the admission and discharge total score of the functional assessments with age and respiratory complexity.

Discussion: Treatment for functional recovery in a tertiary and long-term center is beneficial for people with severe post-ICU neuromuscular weakness due to COVID-19, even though 43% did not reach the previous level of mobility. Age and respiratory complexity are variables that did not impact the final recovery.

Introducción: La efectividad de las terapias de rehabilitación física sobre los pacientes que requirieron ventilación mecánica prolongada y egresaron de Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) con debilidad neuromuscular post COVID-19 se conoce principalmente en el periodo agudo. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la recuperación funcional en personas con debilidad neuromuscular post UCI por COVID-19 admitidas a rehabilitación. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo que incluyó a 42 pacientes con debilidad neuromuscular post COVID-19, de dos centros de rehabilitación de tercer nivel, desde abril de 2020 hasta abril de 2022. Resultados: Encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las valoraciones funcionales de ingreso y alta. La Medida de Independencia Funcional (FIM) mejoró de 49 [41-57] a 107 [94-119] (p < 0.001). La escala de Berg de 4 [1-6] a 47 [36-54] (p < 0.001), el test de 6 minutos de 0 [0-0] a 254 [167-400] (p < 0.001), y el test de 10 metros de 0 [0-0] a 0.83 [0.4-1.2] (p < 0.001). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la puntuación total al ingreso y al alta de las evaluaciones funcionales con la edad y la complejidad respiratoria. Discusión: El tratamiento para la recuperación funcional en un centro de tercer nivel y larga duración, sería beneficioso para personas con grave debilidad neuromuscular post UCI a causa del COVID-19, a pesar que el 43% no alcanzó el nivel de movilidad previo. La edad y la complejidad respiratoria son variables que no impactaron en la recuperación final.

Keywords: COVID-19; acquired weakness; critical illness; functional outcome; rehabilitation.

Publication types

  • English Abstract

MeSH terms

  • COVID-19* / complications
  • Hospitalization
  • Humans
  • Intensive Care Units
  • Muscle Weakness / etiology
  • Muscle Weakness / therapy
  • Retrospective Studies