Proton transfer reactions: From photochemistry to biochemistry and bioenergetics

Alexander P Demchenko

doi:10.1016/j.bbadva.2023.100085

Proton transfer reactions: From photochemistry to biochemistry and bioenergetics

BBA Adv. 2023 Mar 9:3:100085. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2023.100085. eCollection 2023.

Author

Alexander P Demchenko^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Yuriy Fedkovych National University, Kotsubynskoho 2, Chernivtsi, 58012, Ukraine.
² Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, Leontovicha 9, Kyiv, 01030, Ukraine.

Abstract

The present Review is an attempt by projecting the basic knowledge on photochemical proton transfer to achieve consistent understanding of proton motions in biocatalysis, photobiocatalysis, operation of selective proton channels and systems of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. The basic mechanisms of proton transfer are in active research in the electronic excited states of organic molecules. This allows observing the reactions directly in real time, providing their dynamic and thermodynamic description and coupling with structural and energetic variables. These achievements lay the background for understanding the proton transfers in biochemical reactions, where such ultrafast events are not only 'optically silent' but are hidden under much slower rate-limiting steps, such as protein conformational changes, substrate binding and product release. The mechanistic description of biocatalytic and transmembrane proton transport is shown as a multi-step proton migration that is available for modeling in photochemical reactions. For explaining the formation of transmembrane proton gradients, a simple 'proton lift' concept is presented that may be the basis of further research and analysis.

Keywords: Biochemical reactions of proton transfer; Light-activated reactions; Photosynthesis and cellular respiration; Proton channels; Proton transfer dynamics; Proton transfer photochemistry.