Successful Management of Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis in a Child with Acute-on-Chronic Kidney Disease and Malnutrition: Case report and literature review

Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2023 May;23(2):259-263. doi: 10.18295/squmj.3.2022.025. Epub 2023 May 31.

Abstract

Mucormycosis is a very rare fungal infection in children. It is caused by opportunistic fungi and mainly affects immunocompromised patients. Early diagnosis is very important for a good outcome. Successful management requires the reversal of the underlying predisposing risk factors, surgical debridement and prompt administration of active antifungal agents, with liposomal amphotericin B being the first-line therapy. This case, to the best of the authors' knowledge, is the first rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis to be reported on among Omani children. We highlight the importance of early diagnosis and prompt surgical and medical interventions in achieving a satisfactory outcome and review the published literature in regard to the management.

Keywords: Liposomal amphotericin B; Malnutrition; Mucormycosis; Oman; Posaconazole; Proptosis; Rhizopus; Sinusitis.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Antifungal Agents / therapeutic use
  • Child
  • Humans
  • Malnutrition*
  • Mucormycosis* / diagnosis
  • Mucormycosis* / drug therapy
  • Renal Insufficiency, Chronic*
  • Risk Factors

Substances

  • Antifungal Agents