Immunogenicity of Oral Rabies Vaccine Strain SPBN GASGAS in Local Dogs in Bali, Indonesia

Viruses. 2023 Jun 20;15(6):1405. doi: 10.3390/v15061405.

Abstract

Dog-mediated rabies is endemic in much of Indonesia, including Bali. Most dogs in Bali are free-roaming and often inaccessible for parenteral vaccination without special effort. Oral rabies vaccination (ORV) is considered a promising alternative to increase vaccination coverage in these dogs. This study assessed immunogenicity in local dogs in Bali after oral administration of the highly attenuated third-generation rabies virus vaccine strain SPBN GASGAS. Dogs received the oral rabies vaccine either directly or by being offered an egg-flavored bait that contained a vaccine-loaded sachet. The humoral immune response was then compared with two further groups of dogs: a group that received a parenteral inactivated rabies vaccine and an unvaccinated control group. The animals were bled prior to vaccination and between 27 and 32 days after vaccination. The blood samples were tested for the presence of virus-binding antibodies using ELISA. The seroconversion rate in the three groups of vaccinated dogs did not differ significantly: bait: 88.9%; direct-oral: 94.1%; parenteral: 90.9%; control: 0%. There was no significant quantitative difference in the level of antibodies between orally and parenterally vaccinated dogs. This study confirms that SPBN GASGAS is capable of inducing an adequate immune response comparable to a parenteral vaccine under field conditions in Indonesia.

Keywords: Bali; ORV; SPBN GASGAS; dog; rabies.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Oral
  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Viral
  • Dog Diseases* / epidemiology
  • Dog Diseases* / prevention & control
  • Dogs
  • Indonesia / epidemiology
  • Rabies Vaccines*
  • Rabies virus*
  • Rabies* / epidemiology
  • Rabies* / prevention & control
  • Rabies* / veterinary
  • Vaccination / veterinary

Substances

  • Rabies Vaccines
  • Antibodies, Viral

Grants and funding

Part of the project was paid for by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) of the Australian Government through the Australian Indonesian Health Security Project (AIHSP) and by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through the Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO ECTAD) with grant number G1.2.1131—OSRO/INS/002/USA.