Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Synthetic Hexaploid Wheats

Vladimir P Shamanin; Zeynep H Tekin-Cakmak; Salih Karasu; Inna V Pototskaya; Sergey S Shepelev; Alexandr S Chursin; Alexey I Morgounov; Osman Sagdic; Hamit Koksel

doi:10.3390/plants12122301

Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Synthetic Hexaploid Wheats

Plants (Basel). 2023 Jun 13;12(12):2301. doi: 10.3390/plants12122301.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Agronomy, Breeding and Seed Production of the Agrotechnological Faculty, Omsk State Agrarian University, 1 Institutskaya Pl., 644008 Omsk, Russia.
² Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Health Sciences Faculty, Istinye University, İstanbul 34010, Turkey.
³ Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Davutpasa Campus, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34349, Turkey.
⁴ Science Department, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana 010011, Kazakhstan.

Abstract

In this study, 21 synthetic hexaploid wheat samples were analyzed and compared for phenolic content (the Folin-Ciocalteu method), phenolic compositions, and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and CUPRAC). The aim of the study was to determine the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of synthetic wheat lines developed from Ae. Tauschii, which has a wide genetic diversity, to be used in breeding programs for developing new varieties with better nutritional properties. Bound, free, and total phenolic contents (TPCs) of wheat samples were determined as 145.38-258.55 mg GAE/100 g wheat, 188.19-369.38 mg GAE/100 g wheat, and 333.58-576.93 mg GAE/100 g wheat, respectively. Phenolic compositions were detected by the HPLC system. Gallic acid was found in the highest concentrations in free fractions, whereas gallic, p-coumaric acid, and chlorogenic acid were generally found in the highest concentrations in bound fractions of the synthetic hexaploid wheat samples. The antioxidant activities (AA%) of the wheat samples were evaluated by the DPPH assay. AA% in the free extracts of the synthetic red wheat samples ranged from 33.0% to 40.5%, and AA% values in the bound extracts of the synthetic hexaploid wheat samples varied between 34.4% and 50.6%. ABTS and CUPRAC analyses were also used to measure antioxidant activities. The ABTS values of the free and bound extracts and total ABTS values of the synthetic wheat samples ranged from 27.31 to 123.18, 61.65 to 263.23, and 93.94 to 308.07 mg TE/100 g, respectively. The corresponding CUPRAC values of the synthetic wheats were between 25.78-160.94, 75.35-308.13, and 107.51-364.79 mg TE/100 g. This study revealed that synthetic hexaploid wheat samples are valuable resources for breeding programs for developing new wheat varieties with higher concentrations and better compositions of health-beneficial phytochemicals. The samples w1 (Ukr.-Od. 1530.94/Ae. squarrosa (629)), w18 (Ukr.-Od. 1530.94/Ae. squarrosa (1027)), and w20 (Ukr.-Od. 1530.94/Ae. squarrosa (392)) can be used as a genetic resource in breeding programs to enhance the nutritional quality of wheat.

Keywords: bound phenolic; free phenolic; gallic acid; synthetic hexaploid wheat.

Grants and funding

075-15-2021-534/Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation