Effect of Mechanical Stirring on High-Speed GMAW Hump Bead

Jun Xiao; Xiaolei Wang; Shengnan Gai; Shujun Chen; Wenhao Huang

doi:10.3390/ma16124493

Effect of Mechanical Stirring on High-Speed GMAW Hump Bead

Materials (Basel). 2023 Jun 20;16(12):4493. doi: 10.3390/ma16124493.

Authors

Jun Xiao^{1

2}, Xiaolei Wang^{1

2}, Shengnan Gai^{1

2}, Shujun Chen^{1

2}, Wenhao Huang³

Affiliations

¹ Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Automotive Components, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
² Welding Equipment R&D Center, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
³ College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.

Abstract

High-speed GMAW tends to be accompanied by periodic humping defects, thereby reducing the weld bead quality. A new method was proposed to actively control the weld pool flow for eliminating humping defects. A high-melting point solid pin was designed and inserted into the weld pool to stir the liquid metal during the welding process. The characteristics of the backward molten metal flow were extracted and compared by a high-speed camera. Combined with particle tracing technology, the momentum of the backward metal flow was calculated and analyzed, and the mechanism of hump suppression in high speed GMAW was further revealed. The stirring pin interacted with the liquid molten pool, resulting in a vortex zone behind the stirring pin, which significantly reduced the momentum of the backward molten metal flow, and thus it inhibited the formation of humping beads.

Keywords: high-speed GMAW; humping bead; mechanical stirring; weld pool flow.

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51975014, 52275304, 51905012) and sponsored by the Beijing Nova Program.