Phytosterols are natural active substances widely found in plants and play an important role in hypolipidemia, antioxidants, antitumor, immunomodulation, plant growth, and development. In this study, phytosterols were extracted and identified from the seed embryos of 244 maize inbred lines. Based on this, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was used to predict the possible candidate genes responsible for phytosterol content; 9 SNPs and 32 candidate genes were detected, and ZmSCYL2 was identified to be associated with phytosterol accumulation. We initially confirmed its functions in transgenic Arabidopsis and found that mutation of ZmSCYL2 resulted in slow plant growth and a significant reduction in sterol content, while overexpression of ZmSCYL2 accelerated plant growth and significantly increased sterol content. These results were further confirmed in transgenic tobacco and suggest that ZmSCYL2 was closely related to plant growth; overexpression of ZmSCYL2 not only facilitated plant growth and development but also promoted the accumulation of phytosterols.
Keywords: Arabidopsis; GWAS; ZmSCYL2; phytosterols; tobacco; transgenic.