Anti-Alzheimer Potential of a New (+)-Pinitol Glycoside Isolated from Tamarindus indica Pulp: In Vivo and In Silico Evaluations

Esraa M Mohamed; Abeer H Elmaidomy; Rania Alaaeldin; Faisal Alsenani; Faisal H Altemani; Naseh A Algehainy; Mohammad A Alanazi; Alaa Bagalagel; Abdulhamid Althagafi; Mahmoud A Elrehany; Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen

doi:10.3390/metabo13060732

Anti-Alzheimer Potential of a New (+)-Pinitol Glycoside Isolated from Tamarindus indica Pulp: In Vivo and In Silico Evaluations

Metabolites. 2023 Jun 7;13(6):732. doi: 10.3390/metabo13060732.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, MUST, Giza 12566, Egypt.
² Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.
³ Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, University Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt.
⁴ Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 7 Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt.

Abstract

Tamarindus indica Linn (tamarind, F. Leguminosae) is one of the most widely consumed edible fruits in the world. Phytochemical investigation of tamarind pulp n-butanol fraction yielded one new (+)-pinitol glycoside compound 1 (25% w/w), and 1D, 2D NMR, and HRESIMS investigation were used to confirm the new compound's structure. (+)-Pinitol glycoside showed anti-Alzheimer potential that was confirmed in prophylactic and treatment groups by decreasing time for the T-maze test; decreased TAO, brain and serum AChE, MDA, tau protein levels, and β amyloid peptide protein levels; and increasing GPX, SOD levels, and in vivo regression of the neurodegenerative features of Alzheimer's dementia in an aluminum-intoxicated rat model. The reported molecular targets for human Alzheimer's disease were then used in a network pharmacology investigation to examine their complex interactions and identify the key targets in the disease pathogenesis. An in silico-based analysis (molecular docking, binding free energy calculation (ΔG_Binding), and molecular dynamics simulation) was performed to identify the potential targets for compound 1. The findings of this study may lead to the development of dietary supplements for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Keywords: Alzheimer; Tamarindus; pinitol; tamarind.

Grants and funding

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research and Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project number IFP22UQU4310013DSR156.