Causal relationship between asthma outpatient visits and air pollution with instrumental variable approach

Affiliations

• ¹ Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
• ² Interdisciplinary Program of Medical Informatics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
• ³ Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea.
• ⁴ Department of Future & Smart Construction Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), Goyang-si, South Korea.
• ⁵ Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Seoul National University College of Engineering, Seoul, South Korea.
• ⁶ Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea.
• ⁷ Medical Big Data Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.