Objective: To develop an appropriate Chinese version of the CLEFT-Q through translation and cultural adaptation and to evaluate its reliability and validity.
Design: The English CLEFT-Q was translated into Chinese following the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research guidelines, including cognitive debriefing interviews, and its reliability and validity were assessed.
Participants: Patients (N = 246) were mostly in active orthodontic treatment, had a mean age of 14.7 ± 4.4 years, 29% were female, and were born with isolated cleft lip ± alveolus (12%), cleft palate (1%), or cleft lip and palate (87%).
Main outcome measures: The Chinese CLEFT-Q, including 13 subscales covering Appearance, Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL), and Facial Function. Criterion validity instruments included the Negative Physical Self, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Scale of Positive and Negative Experience.
Results: The wording of 67 items was adapted in the final translation. The internal consistency of the Chinese version of the CLEFT-Q was high based on Cronbach's alphas of 0.85 to 0.98 and split-half reliability of 0.85 to 0.92. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses yielded three factors, which demonstrated construct validity by broadly matching the structure of the original CLEFT-Q. The Appearance and HRQOL dimensions had weak to moderate correlations (r = -0.35 to 0.67) with the corresponding instruments for criterion validity.
Conclusions: The Chinese version of the CLEFT-Q is a patient-reported outcome measure that can reflect the quality of life of Chinese patients with cleft lip and/or palate with good reliability and validity.
Keywords: CLEFT-Q; cleft lip; cleft palate; psychological assessment; quality of life.