MIND dietary pattern adherence is inversely associated with visceral adiposity and features of metabolic syndrome

Tori A Holthaus; Shivani Sethi; Corinne N Cannavale; Susan Aguiñaga; Nicholas A Burd; Hannah D Holscher; Naiman A Khan

doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2023.06.001

MIND dietary pattern adherence is inversely associated with visceral adiposity and features of metabolic syndrome

Nutr Res. 2023 Aug:116:69-79. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.06.001. Epub 2023 Jun 7.

Authors

Tori A Holthaus¹, Shivani Sethi², Corinne N Cannavale², Susan Aguiñaga², Nicholas A Burd³, Hannah D Holscher⁴, Naiman A Khan⁵

Affiliations

¹ Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
² Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
³ Division of Nutritional Sciences; Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
⁴ Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
⁵ Neuroscience Program, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Electronic address: nakhan2@illinois.edu.

PMID: 37356349
DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.06.001

Abstract

The effects of following the Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet on metabolic health remains understudied. This cross-sectional analysis of 163 adults investigated associations between adherence to the MIND, Mediterranean, DASH, and Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) diets and metabolic syndrome (MetS) features and visceral adiposity. We hypothesized that the MIND diet would show the most beneficial associations with MetS risk factors. Diet adherence was assessed using the Dietary History Questionnaire II. Visceral adipose was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Waist circumference and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were obtained. Fasting blood triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose concentrations were determined. Stepwise regression analyses were applied. Waist circumference was inversely associated with DASH (β = -0.21, P < .01), HEI-2015 (β = -0.18, P = .01), and MIND (β = -0.19, P < .01). Triglycerides were inversely associated with DASH (β = -0.19, P = .01), HEI-2015 (β = -0.18, P = .02), and MIND (β = -0.23, P < .01). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was positively associated with Mediterranean (β = 0.18, P = .02) and MIND (β = 0.21, P < .01). Systolic blood pressure was inversely associated with Mediterranean (β = -0.18, P = .02), DASH (β = -0.30, P < .01), HEI-2015 (β = -0.24, P < .01), and MIND (β = -0.25, P < .01). Diastolic blood pressure was inversely associated with Mediterranean (β = -0.26, P < .01), DASH (β = -0.34, P < .01), HEI-2015 (β = -0.24, P < .01), and MIND (β = -0.31, P < .01). Fasting glucose was inversely associated with MIND (β = -0.19, P = .02). Visceral adiposity was inversely associated with Mediterranean (β = -0.19, P < .01), DASH (β = -0.22, P < .01), HEI-2015 (β = -0.22, P < .01), and MIND (β = -0.28, P < .01). Although each diet exhibited potential benefits for metabolic outcomes, only greater MIND diet adherence was associated with lower visceral adiposity and each MetS feature in adults.

Keywords: Cognition; Diet quality; Dyslipidemia; Hyperglycemia; Obesity.

Publication types

Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

Adiposity
Adult
Cholesterol, HDL
Cross-Sectional Studies
Diet / adverse effects
Diet, Mediterranean*
Glucose
Humans
Metabolic Syndrome*
Obesity, Abdominal
Triglycerides

Substances

Triglycerides
Cholesterol, HDL
Glucose