Post-COVID-19 Cardiovascular Sequelae and Myocarditis

Abstract

Background and aim: Post coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cardiovascular (CV) pathological changes, myocarditis, and myocardial infarctions (MIs) are major public health issues. This review discusses acute and chronic COVID-19 cardiac manifestations.

Methods: The devastating impact of COVID-19 on global healthcare and economies has likely been one of humanity's deadliest calamities in recent decades, as multiple literature and databases were searched from 2020 to 2022.

Results: As of April 2022, we identified 73 articles in various electronic databases that discussed the details of COVID-19 and cardiac manifestations. Cardiometabolic risk factors should now, more than ever, be a top priority for clinicians, as their potent role in exacerbating COVID-19 illness severity has been conclusively demonstrated.

Conclusion: This review discusses cardiac pathology changes, CV consequences of acute COVID-19, microvascular injury and cardiac complications linked with SARS-CoV2, COVID-19 linked with chronic CV disease, therapeutic drug effects on heart used in COVID-19, and possible investigational approaches and management strategies for post-COVID-19 CV consequences. Highlights Cardiac pathology changes: Effect of COVID-19. Mechanism of development of CV consequences in acute COVID-19: Including autopsy studies. Microvascular injury and cardiac complications: Linked with SARS-CoV2. COVID-19 linked with chronic CV disease. Therapeutic drug effects on heart used in COVID-19. Possible investigational approaches and management strategies for post-COVID-19 CV consequences.