Enhanced Goat Milk MUFA Quality via Date Pit Supplementation: A Time-Based Pattern Recognition Analysis Utilizing Agricultural Waste Byproduct

M R Abd Rahman; Z Hassan; M S Hassan; R Hashim; L S Wong; W Y Leong; S H Syd Jaafar; S Salvamani

doi:10.1155/2023/1797017

Enhanced Goat Milk MUFA Quality via Date Pit Supplementation: A Time-Based Pattern Recognition Analysis Utilizing Agricultural Waste Byproduct

Int J Food Sci. 2023 May 31:2023:1797017. doi: 10.1155/2023/1797017. eCollection 2023.

Authors

M R Abd Rahman^{1

2}, Z Hassan², M S Hassan³, R Hashim², L S Wong¹, W Y Leong¹, S H Syd Jaafar², S Salvamani⁴

Affiliations

¹ Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana Bandar Baru Nilai, Putra Nilai, 71800 Nilai, N. Sembilan, Malaysia.
² Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
³ Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
⁴ School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Abstract

Date pits are agricultural waste byproducts and are available in tons yearly. Milk MUFAs are lipids beneficial for health and sorted out for food product development. This work is aimed at researching the effect of supplementing dairy goats with date pit powder (DPP) as a source of fatty acids (FA), an alternative to enhancing the unsaturated FA in milk and analysed via chemometrics in a 3-month supplementation-based study. Saanen-Boer crossed dairy goats were divided into six groups comprising of control, 10 g and 20 g both for Ajwa DPP (high-quality dates) and Mariami DPP (agricultural waste byproduct), and another 30 g for Mariami DPP only. The supplementation exercise was done daily on each dairy goat. The DPP and milk samples were analysed for its FA profile applying GC-FID and followed by chemometric techniques, namely, PCA and PLS. Results indicated that the n-6/n-3 ratio was the highest for the unsupplemented group compared to the DPP-treated goats with lower n-6/n-3 ratios. The M30 group showcased the most promising health-related class of FAs viewed by 3D PCA and PLS model clustering patterns, in particular monounsaturated FA (MUFA) (C18:1n9c or oleic acid). These results suggest that Mariami DPP supplementation at higher doses and time to lactating Saanen-Boer cross goats can be a means to milk FA quantity and quality enhancement and that chemometrics via pattern recognition can be useful statistical tools when dealing with overwhelming data.