Phylogenomics, evolution of trophic traits and divergence times of hemiodontid fishes (Ostariophysi: Characiformes)

Acácio Freitas Nogueira; Claudio Oliveira; Francisco Langeani; André L Netto-Ferreira

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107864

Phylogenomics, evolution of trophic traits and divergence times of hemiodontid fishes (Ostariophysi: Characiformes)

Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2023 Sep:186:107864. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107864. Epub 2023 Jun 19.

Authors

Acácio Freitas Nogueira¹, Claudio Oliveira², Francisco Langeani³, André L Netto-Ferreira⁴

Affiliations

¹ Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará and Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Prof. Dr. Antonio C. W. Zanin, 250, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Ictiologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: acacio.freitas89@gmail.com.
² Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Prof. Dr. Antonio C. W. Zanin, 250, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: claudio.oliveira@unesp.br.
³ Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: francisco.langeani@unesp.br.
⁴ Laboratório de Ictiologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: alnferreira@gmail.com.

PMID: 37343656
DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107864

Abstract

The South American characiform family Hemiodontidae comprises five genera and 34 species. The family lacks comprehensive phylogenetic hypotheses resolving its species relationships. The studies that addressed these questions exhibited a narrow taxon sampling or used single-locus markers. Herein we surveyed hundreds of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) loci to provide the first molecular phylogenetic hypothesis and divergence time estimates for hemiodontids encompassing all its genera and most species (27 of the 34 valid species). We also tracked the history of the protractile upper jaw in the genera Argonectes and Bivibranchia across the recovered phylogenies through ancestral state reconstruction. Our results corroborate the monophyly of Hemiodontidae and the genera Argonectes and Bivibranchia in all phylogenetic methods with maximum clade support. The genera Anodus and Hemiodus were not monophyletic because Anodus elongatus was sister to the monotypic Micromischodus instead of A. orinocensis, and H. immaculatus did not form a clade with its other congeners, but instead was sister to the clade including Anodus and Micromischodus. All remaining species of Hemiodus were placed together into a monophyletic group, where they were arranged into four major subclades. The relationship in the family is summarised as: (Bivibranchia, (Argonectes, ((H. immaculatus, (Anodus, Micromischodus)), Hemiodus clade))), in discordance with the morphological phylogeny that placed all genera monophyletic and resolved the family as: ((Anodus, Micromischodus), (Hemiodus, (Argonectes, Bivibranchia))). The origin of Hemiodontidae was estimated from the Late Cretaceous to the Middle Paleogene, with the mean age in the Paleocene, while the origin of most hemiodontid genera except Bivibranchia occurred in the Miocene. Unordered parsimony and likelihood reconstruction indicates that Argonectes and Bivibranchia developed their protractile upper jaw independently.

Keywords: Halftooths; Hemiodontidae; Neotropical fishes; Phylogeny; South America; Ultraconserved elements.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

Animals
Bayes Theorem
Characiformes*
Likelihood Functions
Phylogeny