Objectives: To evaluate the effect of nonadherence to American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines on health care expenditures for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Study design: Retrospective cross-sectional cohort design, utilizing 2016-2018 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data.
Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of T2D who completed the supplemental T2D care survey were included in the study. Participants were categorized based on adherence to the 10 processes in the ADA guidelines into adherent (≥ 9 processes) and nonadherent (≤ 6 processes) categories. Propensity score matching was employed using a logistic regression model. After matching, total annual health care expenditure change from baseline year was compared using a t test. Further, imbalanced variables were controlled for in a multivariable linear regression model.
Results: A total of 1619 patients representing 15,781,346 (SE = 438,832) individuals met the inclusion criteria, among whom 12.17% received nonadherent care. After propensity matching, those who received nonadherent care had $4031 higher total annual health care expenditures compared with their baseline year, whereas patients who received adherent care had $128 lower total annual health care expenditures compared with their baseline year. Further, multivariable linear regression adjusted for the imbalanced variables indicated that nonadherent care was associated with a mean (SE) $3470 ($1588) increase in the change from baseline health care expenditure.
Conclusions: Nonadherence to the ADA guidelines results in a significant increase in health care expenditures among patients with diabetes. The economic impact of nonadherent care for T2D is a significant and extensive issue that needs to be addressed. These findings emphasize the importance of providing care based on ADA guidelines.