Biogenesis, Composition and Potential Therapeutic Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Exosomes in Various Diseases

Yu-Guo Yuan; Jia-Lin Wang; Ya-Xin Zhang; Ling Li; Abu Musa Md Talimur Reza; Sangiliyandi Gurunathan

doi:10.2147/IJN.S407029

Biogenesis, Composition and Potential Therapeutic Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Exosomes in Various Diseases

Int J Nanomedicine. 2023 Jun 14:18:3177-3210. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S407029. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Yu-Guo Yuan^{1

2}, Jia-Lin Wang^{1

2}, Ya-Xin Zhang^{1

2}, Ling Li^{1

2}, Abu Musa Md Talimur Reza³, Sangiliyandi Gurunathan⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
² Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
³ Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Türkiye.
⁴ Department of Biotechnology, Rathinam College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, TN, India.

Abstract

Exosomes are nanovesicles with a wide range of chemical compositions used in many different applications. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSCs-EXOs) are spherical vesicles that have been shown to mediate tissue regeneration in a variety of diseases, including neurological, autoimmune and inflammatory, cancer, ischemic heart disease, lung injury, and liver fibrosis. They can modulate the immune response by interacting with immune effector cells due to the presence of anti-inflammatory compounds and are involved in intercellular communication through various types of cargo. MSCs-EXOs exhibit cytokine storm-mitigating properties in response to COVID-19. This review discussed the potential function of MSCs-EXOs in a variety of diseases including neurological, notably epileptic encephalopathy and Parkinson's disease, cancer, angiogenesis, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. We provided an overview of exosome biogenesis and factors that regulate exosome biogenesis. Additionally, we highlight the functions and potential use of MSCs-EXOs in the treatment of the inflammatory disease COVID-19. Finally, we covered a strategies and challenges of MSCs-EXOs. Finally, we discuss conclusion and future perspectives of MSCs-EXOs.

Keywords: angiogenesis; autoimmune disease; biogenesis; exosomes; extracellular vesicle; mesenchymal stem cells.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

COVID-19* / therapy
Cell Communication
Exosomes*
Humans
Mesenchymal Stem Cells*

Grants and funding

This study was supported by Development of a new precise cytosine base editor (JBGS (2021) 025), the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), the 111 Project D18007, and Yangzhou city and Yangzhou University corporation (YZ2021161/YZ2022187).