The purpose of this study is to investigate the genetic factors and the effect of refined multidisciplinary clinical management on the quality of life and perceived control level of breast cancer patients undergoing surgery and its morphological diagnosis parameters. Breast cancer, as the most common cancer in women, requires screening, early diagnosis, prognosis, response to treatment, and choosing the appropriate treatment method. In this study, we introduced the genes involved in breast cancer BRCA1 and BRCA2 and the molecular techniques of its diagnosis. From October 2016 to July 2021, 400 patients with breast cancer were selected from the glandular surgery department of Xingtai Third Hospital. According to the method of random number table, they were divided into an observation group and a control group, with 200 cases in each group. The control group adopted the routine management scheme, while the observation group adopted the multidisciplinary refined clinical management scheme based on the control group. The quality of life, perception control level, negative psychology, upper limb lymphedema, and satisfaction with the nursing of the two groups were compared after 3 months of intervention. The results showed the scores and total scores of the quality-of-life scale for breast cancer in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The scores of perceived experience and control effectiveness in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The scores of the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After nursing, the improvement of upper limb edema in the observation group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05). Nursing satisfaction in the observation group (84.50%) was higher than that in the control group (66.50%) (P<0.05). Also, the results of this research showed the multidisciplinary refined clinical management plan for breast cancer patients can effectively improve the quality of life, improve the level of perceived control, reduce negative psychology, improve the degree of upper limb edema, and increase patient satisfaction.