Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its associated complications have become a crucial public health concern in the world. According to the literature, chronic inflammation and the progression of T2DM have a close relationship. Accumulated evidence suggests that inflammation enhances the insulin secretion lost by islets of Langerhans and the resistance of target tissues to insulin action, which are two critical features in T2DM development. Based on recently highlighted research that plasma concentration of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6 are elevated in insulin-resistant and T2DM, and it raises novel question marks about the processes causing inflammation in both situations. Over the past few decades, microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of short, noncoding RNA molecules, have been discovered to be involved in the regulation of inflammation, insulin resistance, and T2DM pathology. These noncoding RNAs are specifically comprised of RNA-induced silencing complexes and regulate the expression of specific protein-coding genes through various mechanisms. There is extending evidence that describes the expression profile of a special class of miRNA molecules altered during T2DM development. These modifications can be observed as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of T2DM and related diseases. In this review study, after reviewing the possible mechanisms involved in T2DM pathophysiology, we update recent information on the miRNA roles in T2DM, inflammation, and insulin resistance.
2型糖尿病(T2DM)及其相关并发症已成为全球重要的公共卫生问题。根据现有文献，慢性炎症与2型糖尿病的进展有密切关系。越来越多的证据表明，炎症增强了胰岛素分泌功能的丧失和靶组织对胰岛素作用的抵抗，这是2型糖尿病发展的两个关键特征。最近的研究表明，胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病患者血浆中炎症介质如肿瘤坏死因子α (TNF-α)和白细胞介素6 (IL-6)的浓度升高，这对这两种情况下引起炎症的过程提出了新的疑问。miRNAs是一类短链非编码RNA分子，在过去的几十年里被发现参与调节炎症、胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病的病理过程。这些非编码RNA特异性地由RNA诱导沉默复合物组成，并通过各种机制调节特定蛋白编码基因的表达。越来越多的证据表明，在T2DM发展过程中，一类特殊miRNA分子的表达谱发生了改变。这些修饰可作为诊断T2DM及相关疾病的潜在生物标志物。在了解了2型糖尿病可能的病理生理机制后，本文就miRNA在2型糖尿病、炎症和胰岛素抵抗中的作用进行综述。.
Keywords: 2型糖尿病; inflammation; insulin resistance; miRNA; microRNA; type 2 diabetes mellitus; 炎症; 胰岛素抵抗.
© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Diabetes published by Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.