Reliability and validity of the Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder in Chinese children

Kai Li; Ran Bao; Hyunshik Kim; Jiameng Ma; Ci Song; Sitong Chen; Yujun Cai

doi:10.7717/peerj.15447

Reliability and validity of the Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder in Chinese children

PeerJ. 2023 Jun 9:11:e15447. doi: 10.7717/peerj.15447. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Kai Li^#¹, Ran Bao^#^{2

3}, Hyunshik Kim⁴, Jiameng Ma⁴, Ci Song⁵, Sitong Chen⁶, Yujun Cai¹

Affiliations

¹ School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
² College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
³ Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New South Wales, Australia.
⁴ Faculty of Sports Education, Sendai University, Shibata‑machi, Japan.
⁵ Shanghai Datong High School, Shanghai, China.
⁶ Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Background: The Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK) is a reliable and low-cost motor coordination test tool that has been used in several countries. However, whether the KTK is a reliable and valid instrument for use in Chinese children has not been assessed. Additionally, because the KTK was designed to incorporate locomotor, object control, and stability skills, and there is a lack of measurement tools that include stability skills assessment for Chinese children, the KTK's value and validity are worth discussing.

Methods: A total of 249 primary school children (131 boys; 118 girls) aged 9-10 years from Shanghai were recruited in this study. Against the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3), the concurrent validity of the KTK was assessed. We also tested the retest reliability and internal consistency of the KTK.

Results: The test-retest reliability of the KTK was excellent (overall: r = 0.951; balancing backwards: r = 0.869; hopping for height: r = 0.918; jumping sideways: r = 0.877; moving sideways: r = 0.647). Except for the boys, the internal consistency of the KTK was higher than the acceptable level of Cronbach's α > 0.60 (overall: α = 0.618; boys: α = 0.583; girls: α = 0.664). Acceptable concurrent validity was found between the total scores for the KTK and TGMD-3 (overall: r = 0.420, p < 0.001; boys: r = 0.411, p < 0.001; girls: r = 0.437, p < 0.001).

Discussion: The KTK is a reliable instrument for assessing the motor coordination of children in China. As such, the KTK can be used to monitor the level of motor coordination in Chinese children.

Keywords: Children; China; Internal consistency; Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder; Motor competence; Motor coordination; Reliability; Validity.

Publication types

Validation Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Child
China
East Asian People*
Female
Humans
Male
Psychomotor Performance*
Reproducibility of Results

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Shanghai Science and Technology Planning Project (No. 21010503700) and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Human Performance (Shanghai University of Sport, No. 11DZ2261100). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.