Background: In Japan, orthopaedics is one of the medical fields with the lowest proportion of women. This study analyses the change in gender diversity over the past decade and estimates the time required to achieve the 30% gender diversity goal, according to the critical mass in Japan in 2020.
Methods: We investigated the demographic composition of orthopaedic surgeons in 2020 by age group, the gender ratio of the main clinical fields from 2010 to 2020, and estimated the time required for the bottom 10 (i.e., least diverse) medical departments in Japan to reach the proportion of 30% women. We used simple linear regression analyses to clarify the number of years.
Results: In 2020, the population pyramid of orthopaedic surgeons showed that those in their 50s were the largest component with 24.1%, followed by those in their 40s and 30s with 22.3% and 19.4%, respectively. The percentage of women orthopaedic surgeons increased slightly from 4.1% in 2010 to 5.7% in 2020. This means that to achieve the proportion of 30% women at the current annual increase rate, orthopaedics would require up to 160 years, cardiovascular 149 years, and neurosurgery 135 years.
Conclusion: Contrary to the recent increase in the number of women physicians, there has been only a slight increase in the number of women orthopaedic surgeons over the past decade. Moreover, the number of young male orthopaedic surgeons has decreased. As current orthopaedic surgeons age and retire, Japan will soon face an overall shortage of orthopaedic surgeons. Issues that must still be addressed in Japanese orthopaedics include educating men and women about gender diversity and bias, changing stereotypes about surgical lifestyles, improving work-life balance, and diligent and collaborative efforts at both the individual and community levels.
Keywords: Gender diversity; Implicit gender bias; Leaky pipeline; Negative stereotype; Orthopaedics; Positive action.
Copyright © 2023 The Japanese Orthopaedic Association. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.