How is healthy eating index-2015 related to risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes

Mobina Zeinalabedini; Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani; Ahmad Esmaillzadeh; Leila Azadbakht

doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1201010

How is healthy eating index-2015 related to risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes

Front Nutr. 2023 May 25:10:1201010. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1201010. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Mobina Zeinalabedini^{1

2}, Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani³, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh¹, Leila Azadbakht^{1

3

4}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
² Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
³ Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁴ Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of mortality and disability among diabetes. The aim of this study is to evaluate how healthy eating index-2015 related to risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 490 patients with type 2 diabetes in Tehran, Iran. The healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015) used as a diet quality indicator. Dietary intake was assessed by a valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Four indicators of CVD risk factor [Castelli risk index-1 and 2 (CRI-II), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), cholesterol index (CI), and lipid accumulation of plasma (LAP)] were calculated. The anthropometric indices [a body shape index (ABSI), abdominal volume index (AVI), and body roundness index (BRI)] were computed.

Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, it is evident that participants in the highest tertile of HEI had a lower odds ratio of BRI (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.29-0.95; p-trend = 0.03) and AIP (OR:0.56; 95% CI: 0.34-0.94; p-trend = 0.02). Also, HEI and CRI had a marginally significant negative relation (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.38-1; p-trend = 0.05) in crude model, after adjusting the signification disappeared.

Conclusion: In conclusion, our finding shows that more adherence to HEI reduces about 50% of the odds of AIP, BRI among diabetic patients. Further, large-scale cohort studies in Iran need to confirm these findings, including diabetic patients of various racial, ethnic backgrounds, body composition and different components of HEI.

Keywords: CVD risk factors; HEI-2015; anthropometric measurement; atherogenic index; type 2 diabetes.