Associations of low-carbohydrate diets with breast cancer survival

Abstract

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of low-carbohydrate diets after breast cancer diagnosis in relation to breast cancer-specific and all-cause mortality.

Methods: For 9621 women with stage I-III breast cancer from two ongoing cohort studies, the Nurses' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study II, overall low-carbohydrate, animal-rich low-carbohydrate, and plant-rich low-carbohydrate diet scores were calculated by using food frequency questionnaires collected after breast cancer diagnosis.

Results: Participants were followed up for a median 12.4 years after breast cancer diagnosis. We documented 1269 deaths due to breast cancer and 3850 all-cause deaths. With the use of Cox proportional hazards regression and after controlling for potential confounding variables, we observed a significantly lower risk of overall mortality among women with breast cancer who had greater adherence to overall low-carbohydrate diets (hazard ratio for quintile 5 vs. quintile 1 [HR_Q5vsQ1 ], 0.82; 95% CI, 0.74-0.91; p_trend = .0001) and plant-rich low-carbohydrate diets (HR_Q5vsQ1 , 0.73; 95% CI, 0.66-0.82; p_trend < .0001) after breast cancer diagnosis but not animal-rich low-carbohydrate diets (HR_Q5vsQ1 , 0.93; 95% CI, 0.84-1.04; p_trend = .23). However, greater adherence to overall, animal-rich, or plant-rich low-carbohydrate diets was not significantly associated with a lower risk of breast cancer-specific mortality.

Conclusions: This study showed that greater adherence to low-carbohydrate diets, especially plant-rich low-carbohydrate diets, was associated with better overall survival but not breast cancer-specific survival among women with stage I-III breast cancer.

Keywords: animal-rich low-carbohydrate diet; breast cancer; low-carbohydrate diet; plant-rich low-carbohydrate diet; survival.