Influences of glyphosate residues and different concentrate feed proportions in dairy cow rations during early gestation on performance, blood parameters, functional properties and DNA damage of blood cells in cows and their offspring

Abstract

Maternal exposure to various stimuli can influence pre- and postnatal development of the offspring. This potential has been discussed for glyphosate (GLY), active substance in some non-selective herbicides. Accordingly, present study investigated putative effects of GLY residues in rations on cows and their offspring. Dams received either GLY-contaminated (GLY groups) or control (CON groups) rations combined with low (LC groups) or high (HC groups) concentrate feed proportions (CFP) for 16 weeks during mid- and late lactation and early gestation (59±4 days at beginning of GLY exposure; mean±SE). During this feeding trial, average daily GLY exposures of dams were 1.2 (CONLC), 1.1 (CONHC), 112.5 (GLYLC) and 130.3 (GLYHC) μg/kg body weight/d. After a depletion period (107±4 days; mean±SE) and calving, blood samples of dams and their calves were collected (5-345 min after birth) before calves were fed colostrum and analyzed for hematological and clinical-chemical traits, redox parameters, functional properties of leukocytes and DNA damage in leukocytes. No evidence for malformations of newborn calves could be collected. At parturition, most analyzed blood parameters were not affected by dietary treatment of dams during gestation. Significant GLY effects were observed for some traits, e.g. blood non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in calves. These deviations of GLY groups from CON groups likely resulted from strong time-dependent responses of NEFA levels within the first 105 minutes after birth and before colostrum intake (Spearman´s rank correlation R = 0.76, p<0.001). Additionally, significant GLY effects did not result in differences in measures that were beyond normally observed ranges questioning a pathological relevance. In summary, no evidence for teratogenic or other clear effects of GLY or CFP on analyzed parameters of dams and their newborn calves could be collected under applied conditions. However, detailed studies including GLY exposure during late and complete gestation period would be needed to rule out teratogenic effects.