UV-chlorine advanced oxidation for potable water reuse: A review of the current state of the art and research needs

E Mackey; R Hofmann; A Festger; C Vanyo; N Moore; T Chen; C Wang; L Taylor-Edmonds; S A Andrews

doi:10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100183

UV-chlorine advanced oxidation for potable water reuse: A review of the current state of the art and research needs

Water Res X. 2023 May 24:19:100183. doi: 10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100183. eCollection 2023 May 1.

Authors

E Mackey¹, R Hofmann², A Festger³, C Vanyo⁴, N Moore⁵, T Chen², C Wang⁶, L Taylor-Edmonds², S A Andrews²

Affiliations

¹ Brown and Caldwell, 201N Civic Dr. #300, Walnut Creek, CA 94596, USA.
² University of Toronto, 35St. George Street, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada.
³ Brown and Caldwell, 2N. Central Ave, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
⁴ Hazen & Sawyer, 1400 E Southern Ave Suite 340, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA.
⁵ Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada.
⁶ Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, 15 Gillson Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 5V6, Canada.

Abstract

This paper reports conclusions from a recent study completed for the Water Research Foundation and the State of California to offer guidance on UV-chlorine advanced oxidation for potable water reuse. The fundamentals of UV-chlorine advanced oxidation are discussed, and lessons learned from some of the early adopters of this technology are presented. Important highlights include the significant impact of ammonia and chloramines on UV-chlorine treatment, challenges associated with predicting UV-chlorine performance due to complex photochemistry, and an ongoing need to monitor potential byproducts and transformation products when employing any form of advanced oxidation for potable reuse.

Keywords: AOP; Ammonia; Chloramines; Chlorine; Reuse; UV.